The fuel trim is related to the feedback compensation value, not to the basic injection duration. The fuel trim consists of both the short-term and long-term fuel trims.
The short-term fuel trim is fuel compensation that is used to constantly maintain the air fuel ratio at stoichiometric levels. The signal from the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) indicates whether the air fuel ratio is rich or lean compared to the stoichiometric ratio. This triggers a reduction in the fuel injection volume if the air fuel ratio is rich and an increase in the fuel injection volume if lean.
Factors such as individual engine differences, wear over time and changes in operating environment cause short-term fuel trim to vary from the central value. The long-term fuel trim, which controls overall fuel compensation, compensates for long-term deviations in the fuel trim from the central value caused by the short-term fuel trim compensation.
| DTC No. | Detection Item | DTC Detection Condition | Trouble Area | MIL | Memory | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P017100 | System Too Lean Bank 1 | With a warm engine and stable air fuel ratio feedback, the fuel trim is considerably in error to the lean side (2 trip detection logic). | ·
Intake system ·
Fuel injector assembly ·
Mass air flow meter sub-assembly ·
Engine coolant temperature sensor ·
Fuel pressure ·
Fuel delivery pipe ·
Gas leak from exhaust system ·
Open or short in air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) circuit ·
Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) ·
Purge VSV ·
PCV system ·
Wire harness or connector ·
ECM |
Comes on | DTC stored | SAE Code:
P0171 |
| P017200 | System Too Rich Bank 1 | With a warm engine and stable air fuel ratio feedback, the fuel trim is considerably in error to the rich side (2 trip detection logic). | ·
Intake system ·
Fuel injector assembly ·
Mass air flow meter sub-assembly ·
Engine coolant temperature sensor ·
Ignition system ·
Fuel pressure ·
Fuel delivery pipe ·
Gas leak from exhaust system ·
Open or short in air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) circuit ·
Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) ·
Wire harness or connector ·
ECM |
Comes on | DTC stored | SAE Code:
P0172 |
When DTC P017100 is stored, the actual air fuel ratio is on the lean side. When DTC P017200 is stored, the actual air fuel ratio is on the rich side.
If the vehicle runs out of fuel, the air fuel ratio is lean and DTC P017100 may be stored. The MIL is then illuminated.
Under closed loop fuel control, fuel injection volumes that deviate from those estimated by the ECM cause changes in the long-term fuel trim compensation value. The long-term fuel trim is adjusted when there are persistent deviations in the short-term fuel trim values. Deviations from the fuel injection volumes estimated by the ECM also affect the average fuel trim learned value, which is a combination of the average short-term fuel trim (fuel feedback compensation value) and the average long-term fuel trim (learned value of the air fuel ratio). If the average fuel trim learned value exceeds the malfunction thresholds, the ECM interprets this as a fault in the fuel system and stores a DTC.
Example:
The average fuel trim learned value is +48% or higher, or -35% or less, the ECM interprets this as a fuel system malfunction.
| Required Sensors/Components | Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1)
Mass air flow meter sub-assembly Crankshaft position sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Fuel system status | Closed loop |
| Battery voltage | 11 V or higher |
| Either of the following conditions is met | 1 or 2 |
| 1. Engine speed | Less than 1100 rpm |
| 2. Engine load | 10% or higher |
| EVAP purge-cut | Executing |
| Either of the following conditions is met | 1 or 2 |
| 1. Average between short-term fuel trim and long-term fuel trim | 48% or higher (varies with engine coolant temperature) |
| 2. Average between short-term fuel trim and long-term fuel trim | -35% or less (varies with engine coolant temperature) |
When clearing the permanent DTCs, refer to the "CLEAR PERMANENT DTC" procedure.
Permanent misfire and fuel system DTCs can only be cleared when performing the universal trip driving pattern when no malfunction is detected.
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to ON.
Turn the GTS on.
Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC procedure).
Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
Turn the ignition switch to ON [A].
Turn the GTS on.
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher with all the accessories switched off [B].
With the engine warmed up, idle the engine for 2 minutes or more [C].
Drive the vehicle at a speed between 60 and 100 km/h (37 and 62 mph) for 5 minutes or more [D].
When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes [E].
Read the pending DTCs.
If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning.
If no pending DTC is output, the system is normal.
Refer to DTC P003012 for the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) circuit.
Refer to DTC P010012 for the mass air flow meter sub-assembly circuit.
Refer to DTC P044313 for purge VSV circuit.
Inspect the fuses for circuits related to this system before performing the following procedure.
Sensor 1 refers to the sensor closest to the engine assembly.
Sensor 2 refers to the sensor farthest away from the engine assembly.
A low air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) voltage could be caused by a rich air fuel mixture. Check for conditions that would cause the engine to run rich.
A high air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) voltage could be caused by a lean air fuel mixture. Check for conditions that would cause the engine to run lean.
Read Freeze Frame Data using the GTS. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as Freeze Frame Data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, Freeze Frame Data can help determine if the vehicle was moving or stationary, if the engine was warmed up or not, if the air fuel ratio was lean or rich, and other data from the time the malfunction occurred.
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to ON.
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.
Read the DTCs.
| Result | Proceed to |
|---|---|
| DTC P017100 or P017200 is output | A |
| DTC P017100 and/or P017200 and other DTCs are output | B |
If any DTCs other than P017100 or P017200 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.
A
B
Inspect the purge VSV.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Disconnect the purge VSV connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.
Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| C29-2 - C78-70 (PRG) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C29-2 or C78-70 (PRG) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
| *1 | Air Hole Cover |
Before inspecting the PCV valve, first check that there is no suction from the air hole cover.
No suction from air hole cover, and PCV valve operation is normal.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Check the intake system for vacuum leaks.
No leaks in intake system.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the intake system.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher.
Turn the GTS on.
Warm up the air fuel ratio sensors at an engine speed of 2500 rpm for 90 seconds.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor / Data List / Coolant Temperature, A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 and A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2.
| Active Test Display |
|---|
| Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor |
| Data List Display |
|---|
| Coolant Temperature |
| A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 |
| A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2 |
Perform the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor for operation with the engine idling (change the fuel injection volume).
Monitor the output values of the air fuel ratio sensors (A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 and A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2) displayed on the GTS.
The Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor operation lowers the fuel injection volume by 12.5% or increases the injection volume by 12.5%.
The air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) has an output delay of a few seconds and the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 2) has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.
If the sensor output voltage does not change (almost no reaction) while performing the Active Test, the sensor may be malfunctioning.
| GTS Display (Sensor) | Injection Volume | Status | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1
(Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1)) |
12.5% | Rich | Below 3.1 V |
| -12.5% | Lean | Higher than 3.4 V | |
| A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2
(Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 2)) |
12.5% | Rich | Below -0.86 mA |
| -12.5% | Lean | More than 0.33 mA |
| Status of A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 | Status A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2 | Air Fuel Ratio Condition and Air Fuel Ratio Sensor (Sensor 1) Condition | Suspected Trouble Area | Proceed to |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lean/Rich | Lean/Rich | Normal | - | A |
| Lean | Lean | Actual air fuel ratio lean | ·
PCV valve ·
PCV system ·
Gas leak from exhaust system ·
Intake system ·
Fuel pressure ·
Mass air flow meter sub-assembly ·
Engine coolant temperature sensor |
|
| Rich | Rich | Actual air fuel ratio rich | ·
Gas leak from exhaust system ·
Ignition system ·
Fuel pressure ·
Mass air flow meter sub-assembly ·
Engine coolant temperature sensor |
|
| Lean | Lean/Rich | Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) malfunction | Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) | B |
| Rich | Lean/Rich | Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) malfunction | Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) |
Lean: During the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor Active Test, the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) output voltage (A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1) is consistently higher than 3.4 V, and the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 2) output current (A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2) is consistently more than 0.33 mA.
Rich: During the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor Active Test, the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) output voltage (A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1) is consistently below 3.1 V, and the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 2) output current (A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2) is consistently below -0.86 mA.
Lean/Rich: During the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor Active Test, the output value of the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) or air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 2) alternate correctly.
Refer to "Data List / Active Test" [A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1, A/F (O2) Sensor Current B1S2].
A
B
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to ON.
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Coolant Temperature.
| Tester Display |
|---|
| Coolant Temperature |
Read the Data List twice, when the engine is both cold and warmed up.
| GTS Display | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Coolant Temperature | Cold engine | Same as ambient air temperature |
| Warm engine | Between 75 and 100°C (167 and 212°F) |
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the engine coolant temperature sensor.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Start the engine and warm it up.
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Engine Speed, Mass Air Flow Sensor and Coolant Temperature.
| Tester Display |
|---|
| Engine Speed |
| Mass Air Flow Sensor |
| Coolant Temperature |
Allow the engine to idle until Coolant Temperature reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher.
Read Mass Air Flow Sensor with the engine speed at 3000 rpm.
| GTS Display | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Mass Air Flow Sensor | ·
Shift lever position: P ·
A/C: Off ·
Engine warmed up ·
Engine Speed: 3000 rpm |
Between 4.0 and 14.0 gm/sec |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Check the fuel pressure (for low pressure side).
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Start the engine and warm it up.
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / High Fuel Pressure Sensor.
| Tester Display |
|---|
| High Fuel Pressure Sensor |
Read the values.
| GTS Display | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| High Fuel Pressure Sensor | ·
Shift lever position: P ·
A/C: Off ·
Engine warmed up ·
Engine idling |
2.4 to 30 MPa |
·
Shift lever position: P ·
A/C: Off ·
Engine warmed up ·
Engine speed: 3000 rpm |
2.4 to 30 MPa |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Check for exhaust gas leaks.
No gas leaks in exhaust system.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the exhaust system.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Perform a spark test.
If the result of the spark test is normal, proceed to the next step.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the ignition system.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Check the resistance of the fuel injector assembly.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Inspect the fuel pump (for low pressure side).
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel pump (for low pressure side).
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Inspect the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1).
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1).
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Disconnect the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.
Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| C55-1 (HA1A) - C78-19 (HA1A) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C55-3 (A1A+) - C78-131 (A1A+) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C55-4 (A1A-) - C78-132 (A1A-) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C55-1 (HA1A) or C78-19 (HA1A) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| C55-3 (A1A+) or C78-131 (A1A+) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| C55-4 (A1A-) or C78-132 (A1A-) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Replace the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1).
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1).
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to ON.
Turn the GTS on.
Clear the DTCs.
Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Drive the vehicle in accordance with the driving pattern described in Confirmation Driving Pattern.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.
Read the DTCs.
| Result | Proceed to |
|---|---|
| DTCs are not output | A |
| DTC P017100 and/or P017200 are output | B |
A
B
Check the connection and terminal contact pressure of connectors and wire harnesses between the mass air flow meter sub-assembly and ECM.
Repair any problems.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to ON.
Turn the GTS on.
Clear the DTCs.
Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Drive the vehicle in accordance with the driving pattern described in Confirmation Driving Pattern.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.
Read the DTCs.
| Result | Proceed to |
|---|---|
| DTCs are not output | A |
| DTC P017100 and/or P017200 are output | B |
A
B
Disconnect the mass air flow meter sub-assembly connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.
Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| C25-3 (VG) - C78-92 (VG) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C25-2 (E2G) - C78-91 (E2G) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C25-3 (VG) or C78-92 (VG) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Replace the mass air flow meter sub-assembly.
If the result of the inspection performed in step 8 (READ VALUE USING GTS (MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR)) indicated no problem, proceed to the next step without replacing the mass air flow meter sub-assembly.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the mass air flow meter sub-assembly.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the ignition switch to ON.
Turn the GTS on.
Clear the DTCs.
Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Drive the vehicle in accordance with the driving pattern described in Confirmation Driving Pattern.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.
Read the DTCs.
| Result | Proceed to |
|---|---|
| DTCs are not output | A |
| DTC P017100 and/or P017200 are output | B |
A
B