The fuel trim is related to the feedback compensation value, not to the basic injection duration. The fuel trim consists of both the short-term and long-term fuel trims.
The short-term fuel trim is fuel compensation that is used to constantly maintain the air fuel ratio at the stoichiometric air fuel ratio. The signal from the air fuel ratio sensor indicates whether the air fuel ratio is rich or lean compared to the stoichiometric ratio. This triggers a reduction in the fuel injection volume if the air fuel ratio is rich and an increase in the fuel injection volume if lean.
Factors such as individual engine differences, wear over time and changes in operating environment cause short-term fuel trim to vary from the central value. The long-term fuel trim, which controls overall fuel compensation, compensates for long-term deviations in the fuel trim from the central value caused by the short-term fuel trim compensation.
| DTC No. | Detection Item | DTC Detection Condition | Trouble Area | MIL | Memory | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P017100 | System Too Lean Bank 1 | With a warm engine and stable air fuel ratio feedback, the fuel trim is considerably in error to the lean side (2 trip detection logic). | ·
Intake system ·
Fuel injector assembly ·
Mass air flow meter sub-assembly ·
Engine coolant temperature sensor ·
Fuel pressure ·
Gas leak from exhaust system ·
Open or short in air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) circuit ·
Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) ·
PCV valve and hose ·
PCV hose connections ·
EGR valve assembly ·
Wire harness or connector ·
ECM |
Comes on | DTC stored | SAE Code: P0171 |
| P017200 | System Too Rich Bank 1 | With a warm engine and stable air fuel ratio feedback, the fuel trim is considerably in error to the rich side (2 trip detection logic). | ·
Fuel injector assembly ·
Mass air flow meter sub-assembly ·
Engine coolant temperature sensor ·
Ignition system ·
Fuel pressure ·
Gas leak from exhaust system ·
Open or short in air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) circuit ·
Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) ·
EGR valve assembly ·
Wire harness or connector ·
ECM |
Comes on | DTC stored | SAE Code: P0172 |
When DTC P017100 is stored, the actual air fuel ratio is on the lean side. When DTC P017200 is stored, the actual air fuel ratio is on the rich side.
If the vehicle runs out of fuel, the air fuel ratio is lean and DTC P017100 may be stored. The MIL is then illuminated.
When the total of the short-term and long-term fuel trim values is within the malfunction threshold (and the engine coolant temperature is higher than 75°C [167°F]), the system is functioning normally.
Under closed loop fuel control, fuel injection volumes that deviate from those estimated by the ECM cause changes in the long-term fuel trim compensation value. The long-term fuel trim is adjusted when there are persistent deviations in the short-term fuel trim values. Deviations from the fuel injection volumes estimated by the ECM also affect the average fuel trim learned value, which is a combination of the average short-term fuel trim (fuel feedback compensation value) and the average long-term fuel trim (learned value of the air fuel ratio). If the average fuel trim learned value exceeds the malfunction thresholds, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction of the fuel system and stores a DTC.
Example:
The average fuel trim learned value is +48% or higher, or -35% or less, the ECM interprets this as a fuel system malfunction.
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Fuel system |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Air fuel ratio sensor
Mass air flow meter sub-assembly Crankshaft position sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Fuel system status | Closed loop |
| Auxiliary battery voltage | 11 V or higher |
| Either of the following conditions is met | 1 or 2 |
| 1. Engine speed | Less than 1100 rpm |
| 2. Engine load | 10% or higher |
| Catalyst monitor | Not executed |
| EVAP purge-cut | Executing |
| Either of the following conditions is met | 1 or 2 |
| 1. Average between short-term fuel trim and long-term fuel trim | 48% or higher (varies with engine coolant temperature) |
| 2. Average between short-term fuel trim and long-term fuel trim | -35% or less (varies with engine coolant temperature) |
When clearing the permanent DTCs, refer to the "CLEAR PERMANENT DTC" procedure.
Permanent misfire and fuel system DTCs can only be cleared when performing the universal trip driving pattern when no malfunction is detected.
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC procedure).
Turn the power switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
Turn the power switch on (IG) [A].
Turn the GTS on.
Put the engine in Inspection Mode (Maintenance Mode).
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature is 75°C (167°F) or higher with all the A/C switch and all accessories off [B].
With the engine warmed up, idle the engine for 5 minutes or more [C].
With the engine running, drive the vehicle at a speed between 60 and 100 km/h (37 and 62 mph) for 5 minutes or more [D].
When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
If the engine stops, further depress the accelerator pedal to restart the engine.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes [E].
Read the pending DTCs.
If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning.
If no pending DTC is output, the system is normal.
Refer to DTC P003012 for the air fuel ratio sensor circuit.
Refer to DTC P010012 for the mass air flow meter sub-assembly circuit.
Vehicle Control History may be stored in the hybrid vehicle control ECU assembly if the engine is malfunctioning. Certain vehicle condition information is recorded when Vehicle Control History is stored. Reading the vehicle conditions recorded in both the Freeze Frame Data and Vehicle Control History can be useful for troubleshooting.
(Select Powertrain in Health Check and then check the time stamp data.)
If any "Engine Malfunction" Vehicle Control History item has been stored in the hybrid vehicle control ECU assembly, make sure to clear it. However, as all Vehicle Control History items are cleared simultaneously, if any Vehicle Control History items other than "Engine Malfunction" are stored, make sure to perform any troubleshooting for them before clearing Vehicle Control History.
Inspect the fuses for circuits related to this system before performing the following procedure.
Sensor 1 refers to the sensor closest to the engine assembly.
Sensor 2 refers to the sensor farthest away from the engine assembly.
A low air fuel ratio sensor voltage could be caused by a rich air fuel mixture. Check for conditions that would cause the engine to run rich.
A high air fuel ratio sensor voltage could be caused by a lean air fuel mixture. Check for conditions that would cause the engine to run lean.
Read Freeze Frame Data using the GTS. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as Freeze Frame Data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, Freeze Frame Data can help determine if the vehicle was moving or stationary, if the engine was warmed up or not, if the air fuel ratio was lean or rich, and other data from the time the malfunction occurred.
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.
Read the DTCs.
| Result | Proceed to |
|---|---|
| DTC P017100 or P017200 is output | A |
| DTC P017100 or P017200 and other DTCs are output | B |
If any DTCs other than P017100 or P017200 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.
A
B
Check the PCV hose connections.
PCV valve and hose are connected correctly and are not damaged.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Check the intake system for vacuum leaks.
No leaks from intake system.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the intake system.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Put the engine in Inspection Mode (Maintenance Mode).
| Tester Display |
|---|
| Inspection Mode |
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature is 75°C (167°F) or higher.
Idle the engine for 5 minutes or more with park (P) selected.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor / Data List / Coolant Temperature, A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 and O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2.
| Active Test Display |
|---|
| Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor |
| Data List Display |
|---|
| Coolant Temperature |
| A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 |
| O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2 |
Change the fuel injection volume using the GTS, and monitor the output voltage of the air fuel ratio sensor (A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1) and heated oxygen sensor (O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2) displayed on the GTS.
The Active Test [Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor] can be used to lower the fuel injection volume by 12.5% or increase the injection volume by 12.5%.
The air fuel ratio sensor is displayed as A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1, and the heated oxygen sensor is displayed as O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2 on the GTS.
The air fuel ratio sensor has an output delay of a few seconds and the heated oxygen sensor has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.
If the sensor output voltage does not change (almost no reaction) while performing the Active Test, the sensor may be malfunctioning.
| GTS Display (Sensor) | Injection Volume | Status | Voltage |
|---|---|---|---|
| A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1
(Air fuel ratio) |
12.5% | Rich | Below 3.1 V |
| -12.5% | Lean | Higher than 3.4 V | |
| O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2
(Heated oxygen) |
12.5% | Rich | Higher than 0.55 V |
| -12.5% | Lean | Below 0.4 V |
| Status A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 | Status O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2 | Air Fuel Ratio Condition and Air Fuel Ratio Sensor Condition | Suspected Trouble Area | Proceed to |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lean/Rich | Lean/Rich | Normal | - | A |
| Lean | Lean | Actual air fuel ratio lean | ·
PCV valve and hose ·
PCV hose connections ·
Fuel injector assembly blockage ·
Gas leak from exhaust system ·
Intake system ·
Fuel pressure ·
Mass air flow meter sub-assembly ·
Engine coolant temperature sensor ·
EGR valve assembly |
|
| Rich | Rich | Actual air fuel ratio rich | ·
Fuel injector assembly leak or blockage ·
Gas leak from exhaust system ·
Ignition system ·
Fuel pressure ·
Mass air flow meter sub-assembly ·
Engine coolant temperature sensor |
|
| Lean | Lean/Rich | Air fuel ratio sensor malfunction | ·
Air fuel ratio sensor |
B |
| Rich | Lean/Rich | Air fuel ratio sensor malfunction | ·
Air fuel ratio sensor |
Lean: While performing the Active Test [Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor], the air fuel ratio sensor output voltage (A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1) is consistently higher than 3.4 V, and the heated oxygen sensor output voltage (O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2) is consistently below 0.4 V.
Rich: While performing the Active Test [Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor], the air fuel ratio sensor output voltage (A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1) is consistently below 3.1 V, and the heated oxygen sensor output voltage (O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2) is consistently higher than 0.55 V.
Lean/Rich: While performing the Active Test [Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor], the output voltage of the fuel ratio sensor (A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1) or heated oxygen sensor (O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2) alternates correctly.
Refer to "Data List / Active Test" [A/F (O2) Sensor Voltage B1S1 and O2 Sensor Voltage B1S2].
A
B
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Coolant Temperature.
| Tester Display |
|---|
| Coolant Temperature |
Read the Data List twice, when the engine is both cold and warmed up.
| GTS Display | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Coolant Temperature | Cold engine | Same as ambient air temperature |
| Warm engine | Between 75 and 100°C (167 and 212°F) |
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the engine coolant temperature sensor.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Put the engine in Inspection Mode (Maintenance Mode).
| Tester Display |
|---|
| Inspection Mode |
Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature is 75°C (167°F) or higher.
The A/C switch and all accessories should be off.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the EGR Step Position / Data List / Intake Manifold Absolute Pressure, Coolant Temperature and Engine Independent.
| Active Test Display |
|---|
| Control the EGR Step Position |
| Data List Display |
|---|
| Intake Manifold Absolute Pressure |
| Coolant Temperature |
| Engine Independent |
Confirm that the value of Data List item Engine Independent is "Operate" then check the value of Intake Manifold Absolute Pressure while performing the Active Test.
Do not leave the EGR valve open for 10 seconds or more during the Active Test.
Be sure to return the EGR valve to step 0 when the Active Test is completed.
Do not open the EGR valve 30 steps or more during the Active Test.
The value of Intake Manifold Absolute Pressure changes in response to the EGR step position when the value of Engine Independent is "Operate".
| - | Control the EGR Step Position (Active Test) | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 Steps | 0 to 30 Steps | |
| Intake Manifold Absolute Pressure
(Data List) |
(EGR valve is fully closed) | Intake Manifold Absolute Pressure value is at least +10 kPa (1.45 psi) higher than when EGR valve is fully closed |
If the value of Data List item Engine Independent is "Not Opr" when the engine is idling, charge control is being performed. Perform the Active Test after charge control is complete ("Operate" is displayed).
While performing the Active Test, if the increase in the value of Intake Manifold Absolute Pressure is small, the EGR valve assembly may be malfunctioning.
Even if the EGR valve assembly is malfunctioning, rough idling or an increase in the value of Intake Manifold Absolute Pressure may occur while performing the Active Test. However, the amount that the value of Intake Manifold Absolute Pressure increases will be smaller than normal.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Remove the EGR valve assembly.
Check if the EGR valve is stuck open.
EGR valve is tightly closed.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the EGR valve assembly.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Put the engine in Inspection Mode (Maintenance Mode).
| Tester Display |
|---|
| Inspection Mode |
Start the engine.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Engine Speed, Mass Air Flow Sensor and Coolant Temperature.
| Tester Display |
|---|
| Engine Speed |
| Mass Air Flow Sensor |
| Coolant Temperature |
Allow the engine to idle until Coolant Temperature is 75°C (167°F) or higher.
Read Mass Air Flow Sensor with the engine speed at 2500 rpm.
During charge control, the engine speed is set at idle. Therefore, the engine speed will not increase when the accelerator pedal is depressed. In this case, read the Data List after charge control has completed.
| GTS Display | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Mass Air Flow Sensor | Engine warmed up
Shift position: P A/C: Off Engine Speed: 2500 rpm |
Between 4.5 and 8.5 gm/sec |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Check the fuel pressure.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Check for exhaust gas leaks.
No gas leaks in exhaust system.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the exhaust system.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Inspect the ignition system.
If the spark plugs or ignition system malfunctions, engine misfire may occur. The misfire count can be read using the GTS. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Misfire Count Cylinder #1 to Misfire Count Cylinder #4.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the ignition system.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Check the injection and volume.
Refer to the fuel injector assembly inspection procedure.
If the fuel injector assemblies malfunction, engine misfire may occur. The misfire count can be read using the GTS. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Misfire Count Cylinder #1 to Misfire Count Cylinder #4.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Inspect the air fuel ratio sensor.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the air fuel ratio sensor.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
| *a | Front view of wire harness connector
(to Air Fuel Ratio Sensor) |
Disconnect the air fuel ratio sensor connector.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Measure the voltage according to the value(s) in the table below.
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| C55-2 (+B) - Body ground | Power switch on (IG) | 11 to 14 V |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Disconnect the air fuel ratio sensor connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.
Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| C55-1 (HA1A) - C155-28 (HA1A) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C55-3 (A1A+) - C155-132 (A1A+) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C55-4 (A1A-) - C155-131 (A1A-) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C55-1 (HA1A) or C155-28 (HA1A) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| C55-3 (A1A+) or C155-132 (A1A+) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| C55-4 (A1A-) or C155-131 (A1A-) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Replace the air fuel ratio sensor.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the air fuel ratio sensor.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Clear the DTCs.
Turn the power switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Drive the vehicle in accordance with the driving pattern described in Confirmation Driving Pattern.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.
Read the DTCs.
| Result | Proceed to |
|---|---|
| DTCs are not output | A |
| DTC P017100 or P017200 is output | B |
A
B
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Put the engine in Inspection Mode (Maintenance Mode).
| Tester Display |
|---|
| Inspection Mode |
Start the engine.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Engine Speed, Mass Air Flow Sensor and Coolant Temperature.
| Tester Display |
|---|
| Engine Speed |
| Mass Air Flow Sensor |
| Coolant Temperature |
Allow the engine to idle until Coolant Temperature is 75°C (167°F) or higher.
Read Mass Air Flow Sensor with the engine speed at 2500 rpm.
During charge control, the engine speed is set at idle. Therefore, the engine speed will not increase when the accelerator pedal is depressed. In this case, read the Data List after charge control has completed.
| GTS Display | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Mass Air Flow Sensor | Engine warmed up
Shift position: P A/C: Off Engine Speed: 2500 rpm |
Between 4.5 and 8.5 gm/sec |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Check the connection and terminal contact pressure of connectors and wire harnesses between the mass air flow meter sub-assembly and ECM.
Repair any problems.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Clear the DTCs.
Turn the power switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Drive the vehicle in accordance with the driving pattern described in Confirmation Driving Pattern.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.
Read the DTCs.
| Result | Proceed to |
|---|---|
| DTCs are not output | A |
| DTC P017100 or P017200 is output | B |
B
A
Inspect the EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
| *1 | No. 1 Engine Room Relay Block and No. 1 Junction Block Assembly |
| *2 | EFI-MAIN NO. 2 Relay |
Remove the EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay from the No. 1 engine room relay block and No. 1 junction block assembly.
Measure the voltage according to the value(s) in the table below.
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| 3 (EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay) - Body ground | Always | 11 to 14 V |
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| 5 (EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay) - Body ground | Always | 11 to 14 V |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Remove the EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay from the No. 1 engine room relay block and No. 1 junction block assembly.
Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| 1 (EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay) - Body ground | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Remove the EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay from the No. 1 engine room relay block and No. 1 junction block assembly.
Disconnect the air fuel ratio sensor connector.
Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| 5 (EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay) - C55-2 (+B) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| 5 (EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay) or C55-2 (+B) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| 3 (EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay) - C55-2 (+B) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| 3 (EFI-MAIN NO. 2 relay) or C55-2 (+B) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Disconnect the mass air flow meter sub-assembly connector.
Disconnect the ECM connector.
Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
| Tester Connection | Condition | Specified Condition |
|---|---|---|
| C26-4 (VCC) - C155-108 (VCVG) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C26-3 (FG) - C155-140 (VG) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C26-2 (E2G) - C155-107 (E2G) | Always | Below 1 Ω |
| C26-4 (VCC) or C155-108 (VCVG) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| C26-3 (FG) or C155-140 (VG) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| C26-2 (E2G) or C155-107 (E2G) - Body ground and other terminals | Always | 10 kΩ or higher |
| Proceed to |
|---|
| OK |
| NG |
OK
NG
Replace the mass air flow meter sub-assembly.
If the result of the inspection performed in steps 8 and 19 (READ VALUE USING GTS (MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR)) indicated no problem, proceed to the next step without replacing the mass air flow meter sub-assembly.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the mass air flow meter sub-assembly.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
Turn the power switch on (IG).
Turn the GTS on.
Clear the DTCs.
Turn the power switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
| Proceed to |
|---|
| NEXT |
NEXT
Drive the vehicle in accordance with the driving pattern described in Confirmation Driving Pattern.
Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.
Read the DTCs.
| Result | Proceed to |
|---|---|
| DTCs are not output | A |
| DTC P017100 or P017200 is output | B |
A
B