RM38T0EC _58 Vehicle Interior _115230 THEFT DETERRENT / KEYLESS ENTRY _0606512 SMART ENTRY AND START SYSTEM(for Start Function, HEV Model) U

THEFT DETERRENT / KEYLESS ENTRY  SMART ENTRY AND START SYSTEM(for Start Function, HEV Model)  DATA LIST / ACTIVE TEST  


DATA LIST


NOTICE:

In the table below, the values listed under "Normal Condition" are reference values. Do not depend solely on these reference values when deciding whether a part is faulty or not.


HINT:

Using the GTS to read the Data List allows the values or states of switches, sensors, actuators and other items to be read without removing any parts. This non-intrusive inspection can be very useful because intermittent conditions or signals may be discovered before parts or wiring is disturbed. Reading the Data List information early in troubleshooting is one way to save diagnostic time.


a.

Read the Data List according to the display on the GTS.

Body Electrical > Power Source Control > Data List
Tester Display Measurement Item Range Normal Condition Diagnostic Note
Total Distance Traveled Total distance traveled Min.: 0
Max.: 999999 		Actual total distance displayed -
Total Distance Traveled - Unit Total distance traveled unit km or mile - -
Push Start Switch 1 Power switch 1 status OFF or ON OFF: Power switch not pressed
ON: Power switch pressed
·

If the power switch is pressed for a short time, the display may not change.

·

Use this item to determine if the power switch input signal is malfunctioning.


Push Start Switch 2 Power switch 2 status OFF or ON OFF: Power switch not pressed
ON: Power switch pressed
·

If the power switch is pressed for a short time, the display may not change.

·

Use this item to determine if the power switch input signal is malfunctioning.


Push Start Switch 3 Power switch 3 status OFF or ON OFF: Power switch not pressed
ON: Power switch pressed
·

If the power switch is pressed for a short time, the display may not change.

·

Use this item to determine if the power switch input signal is malfunctioning.


Steering Unlock Switch - - - Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Shift P Signal Shift position P OFF or ON OFF: Shift lever not in P
ON: Shift lever in P
·

Use this item to determine if the shift position switch is malfunctioning.

·

The hybrid control system cannot be started when this item is OFF.


Stop Light Switch State of brake pedal OFF or ON OFF: Brake pedal released
ON: Brake pedal depressed
·

Use this item to determine if the stop light switch assembly is malfunctioning.

·

The hybrid control system cannot be started when this item is OFF.

·

If the stop light switch assembly is malfunctioning, the hybrid control system can be started by pressing and holding the power switch for a certain period of time.


IGP Relay Circuit (Outside) Monitor IGP relay coil voltage monitor status OFF or ON OFF: Ignition switch off
ON: Ignition switch ON
·

Use this item to determine if the IGP relay is malfunctioning.

·

When the ignition switch is ACC, OFF is displayed.


IGP Relay Circuit (Inside) Monitor IGP relay activation OFF or ON OFF: Ignition switch off
ON: Ignition switch ON
·

Use this item to determine if the IGP relay is malfunctioning.

·

When the ignition switch is ACC, OFF is displayed.


IGR Relay Circuit (Outside) Monitor IGR relay coil voltage monitor status OFF or ON OFF: Ignition switch off
ON: Ignition switch ON
·

Use this item to determine if the IGR relay is malfunctioning.

·

When the ignition switch is ACC, OFF is displayed.


IGR Relay Circuit (Inside) Monitor IGR relay activation OFF or ON OFF: Ignition switch off
ON: Ignition switch ON
·

Use this item to determine if the IGR relay is malfunctioning.

·

When the ignition switch is ACC, OFF is displayed.


IGP Hold Circuit Monitor IGP relay hold monitor status OFF or ON OFF: Ignition switch off
ON: Ignition switch ON 		-
ACC Relay Monitor ACC relay activation OFF or ON OFF: Ignition switch off
ON: Ignition switch ACC 		When the ignition switch is ON, ON is displayed.
Vehicle Running Condition (Line) Vehicle being driven or stopped Stop or Running Stop: Vehicle stopped
Running: Vehicle being driven at 5 km/h (3 mph) or more 		-
IGB Output Condition IGB signal output monitor status OFF or ON OFF: IGB signal not output
ON: IGB signal output
·

When the ignition switch is ON, ON is displayed.

·

Use this item to determine if an IGB signal malfunction exists.


Power Supply Condition Power supply state OFF, ACC ON, IGR ON, IGP ON or Starter ON OFF: Ignition switch off
ACC ON: Ignition switch ACC
IGR ON: Ignition switch ON
IGP ON: Ignition switch ON
Starter ON: Sending hybrid control system start request signal 		-
Powertrain Type Vehicle identification Cnv-MT, Cnv-AT, Cnv-MMT, S&S-MT, S&S-AT, S&S-MMT, HV/FCHV-AT, PHV/EV-AT or 1Motor HV-AT HV/FCHV-AT: Hybrid control system models -
Shift P Signal Mismatch P position signal malfunction Not Detected or Detected Not Detected: Signal normal
Detected: Signal malfunction (signals via CAN communication and direct line do not match) 		Even when Detected is displayed, it is still possible to turn the ignition switch off (the power source mode will not be stuck in ACC or ON).
Steering Lock - Unlock Time Out - - - Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Key Certification Time Out Key verification malfunction Not Detected or Detected Not Detected: Verification normal
Detected: Verification error (Detected due to the electrical key transmitter sub-assembly ID code and the ID code stored in the certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) not matching) 		When the hybrid control system cannot be started due to a key verification error, Detected is displayed.
IGR Relay Circuit (Outside) Malfunction IGR relay coil circuit malfunction Not Detected or Detected Not Detected: Circuit normal
Detected: Circuit malfunctioning
·

Use this item to determine if the IGR relay is malfunctioning.

·

When the hybrid control system cannot be started due to an IGR relay malfunction, Detected is displayed.


IGP Relay Circuit (Outside) Malfunction IGP relay coil circuit malfunction Not Detected or Detected Not Detected: Circuit normal
Detected: Circuit malfunctioning
·

Use this item to determine if the IGP relay is malfunctioning.

·

When the hybrid control system cannot be started due to an IGP relay malfunction, Detected is displayed.


Auto Power OFF Cancel Mode Automatic power off cancel function OFF or ON OFF: Automatic power off not canceled
ON: Automatic power off canceled 		-
E491837E03
2.938,0.885 3.25,1.083 0.313,0.198 10 false *1 3.583,0.885 3.896,1.083 0.313,0.198 10 false *2 4.021,0.885 4.333,1.083 0.313,0.198 10 false *3 4.354,0.885 4.667,1.083 0.313,0.198 10 false *4 5.271,0.885 5.583,1.083 0.313,0.198 10 false *5 5.583,0.885 5.896,1.083 0.313,0.198 10 false *6 6.354,0.885 6.667,1.083 0.313,0.198 10 false *7 0.125,0.281 2.354,0.708 2.229,0.427 10 false Data List Display Changes when the Hybrid Control System is Started: 0.135,1.406 1.563,1.677 1.427,0.271 10 false Push Start Switch1 0.135,1.719 1.604,1.958 1.469,0.24 10 false Push Start Switch2 0.125,3.833 1.51,4.146 1.385,0.313 10 false Stop Light Switch 0.156,4.583 1.917,4.969 1.76,0.385 10 false IGR Relay Circuit (Outside) Monitor 0.135,5.833 2.083,6.219 1.948,0.385 10 false ACC Relay Monitor 0.125,7.167 2.073,7.552 1.948,0.385 10 false Power Supply Condition 2.271,1.615 2.677,1.906 0.406,0.292 10 false ON 2.26,1.896 2.667,2.188 0.406,0.292 10 false OFF 2.281,3.698 2.688,3.99 0.406,0.292 10 false ON 2.26,4.75 2.667,5.042 0.406,0.292 10 false ON 2.24,5.719 2.646,6.01 0.406,0.292 10 false ON 2.281,3.99 2.688,4.281 0.406,0.292 10 false OFF 2.26,4.979 2.667,5.271 0.406,0.292 10 false OFF 2.24,5.969 2.646,6.26 0.406,0.292 10 false OFF 2.125,6.781 2.667,7.073 0.542,0.292 10 false ST ON 2.135,7.188 2.542,7.479 0.406,0.292 10 false IG ON 2.01,7.635 2.813,7.781 0.802,0.146 10 false ACC ON 2.01,7.844 2.823,8.167 0.813,0.323 10 false All OFF 0.135,2.021 1.583,2.26 1.448,0.24 10 false Push Start Switch3 0.156,5.198 1.917,5.583 1.76,0.385 10 false IGP Relay Circuit (Outside) Monitor

HINT:
To check if the Data List display changes, get into the vehicle while carrying an electrical key transmitter sub-assembly and perform the following operations with the ignition switch off and the shift lever in P.
·

*1: Press the power switch with the brake pedal released and check that the Ignition switch turns ACC.

·

*2: Press the power switch with the brake pedal released and check that the ignition switch turns ON.

·

*3: Depress the brake pedal (stop light switch assembly is on).

·

*4: Press the power switch with the brake pedal depressed and check that the hybrid control system starts.

·

*5: Press the power switch with the brake pedal depressed and check that the ignition switch turns off.

·

*6: Release the brake pedal.

·

*7: Open a door.



Body Electrical > Entry&Start > Data List
Tester Display Measurement Item Range Normal Condition Diagnostic Note
Cut Fuse Cut fuse installed OFF or ON OFF: Cut fuse not installed
ON: Cut fuse installed 		-
Electronic Key No Response Communication response No or Yes No: Communication normal
Yes: Communication malfunction 		The vehicle IDs registered in the vehicle and electrical key transmitter sub-assembly match, but there is no response from the electrical key transmitter sub-assembly. (If the electrical key transmitter sub-assembly is not in the detection area or the transmitter battery is depleted resulting in a matching code not being detected when a lock switch or the power switch is pressed, etc., "Yes" is displayed for "Electronic Key No Response" in the Data List. If there is wave interference in the LF band that the vehicle uses for transmission or the RF band that the electrical key transmitter sub-assembly uses for transmission, "Yes" may be displayed for "Electronic Key No Response" in the Data List.)
Other potential causes:
·

An electrical key transmitter sub-assembly from a different vehicle is being used.

·

The electrical key transmitter sub-assembly or certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) is malfunctioning.


Key Low Battery Transmitter battery depleted No or Yes No: Transmitter battery not depleted
Yes: Transmitter battery depleted 		The electrical key transmitter sub-assembly sends voltage information to the certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) when it is transmitting. "Yes" is displayed for the Data List item "Key Low Battery" when this voltage information indicates 2.2 V or less. This Data List item should be checked when the electrical key transmitter sub-assembly is at room temperature (example: at -20°C (-4°F), "Yes" may be displayed even if the transmitter battery is new).
B Code Difference B code mismatch No or Yes No: Communication normal
Yes: Communication malfunction 		-
B Code Registered B code registration status No or Yes No: B code not registered correctly
Yes: B code registered correctly 		-
Immobiliser Immobiliser system status determined by certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) Set or Unset Set: Immobiliser set (hybrid control system start prohibited) (ignition switch off)
Unset: Immobiliser unset (hybrid control system start permitted) (ignition switch ACC or ON) 		The hybrid control system cannot be started when Set is displayed.
HINT:

The security indicator light blinks when Set is displayed.


Immobiliser when IG=ON Immobiliser function status when ignition switch ON Unset or Set Unset: Immobiliser function not set with ignition switch ON or immobiliser function unset 40 times after immobiliser function set
Set: Immobiliser function set (driver door opened and closed with ignition switch ON) 		-
Master Key Matching of master key ID code and ID code registered in certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) No or Yes No: ID code of master key does not match ID code registered in certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly)
Yes: ID code of master key matches ID code registered in certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) 		-
Sub Key Matching of sub key ID code and ID code registered in certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) No or Yes No: ID code of sub key does not match ID code registered in certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly)
Yes: ID code of sub key matches ID code registered in certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) 		-
Encrypt Code Difference Matching of transponder chip code and certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) code*1 No or Yes No: Codes of transponder chip and certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) match
Yes: Codes of transponder chip and certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) do not match 		Problems may be caused by the following:
·

An electrical key transmitter sub-assembly from a different vehicle is being used.

·

The electrical key transmitter sub-assembly or certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) malfunctioning.


Steering Lock Sleep Condition Steering lock ECU sleep availability No or Yes No: Sleep not available
Yes: Sleep available 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Steering Lock Start Condition Steering lock ECU wake up signal status No or Yes No: Wake up signal not sent
Yes: Wake up signal sent 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Steering Lock Data Fix Steering lock ECU data fix status No or Yes No: Data not fix
Yes: Date fixed 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Start Condition Status of hybrid control system start permission signal determined by steering lock ECU (steering lock actuator or upper bracket assembly) and sent to certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) NG or OK NG: Hybrid control system start prohibited
OK: Hybrid control system start permitted 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Sensor Malfunction History History of malfunction of position sensor in steering lock ECU (steering lock actuator or upper bracket assembly) (DTC B278196 is stored) OFF or ON OFF: History of malfunction for the lock or unlock sensor in the steering lock ECU (steering lock actuator or upper bracket assembly) does not exist.
ON: History of both the lock and unlock sensors in the steering lock ECU (steering lock actuator or upper bracket assembly) being on exists. (Under normal operation, neither sensor is on.) 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Power Supply Short History History of signal error (short) sent from certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) to steering lock ECU (steering lock actuator or upper bracket assembly) (DTC B278215 is stored) OFF or ON OFF: History of motor power source short does not exist
ON: History of motor power source short exists 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Motor Driver Short History History of malfunction (short) in steering lock ECU (steering lock actuator or upper bracket assembly) motor circuit (DTC B278196 is stored) OFF or ON OFF: History of short in the motor circuit does not exist
ON: History of short in the motor circuit exists 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Lock/Unlock Receive History History of receiving an unlock request signal OFF or ON OFF: History of receiving an unlock request signal does not exist
ON: History of receiving an unlock request signal exists 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Lock Bar Stuck Error History History of steering not being able to unlock properly when steering lock operates for a certain period of time OFF or ON OFF: History of steering lock being stuck does not exist
ON: History of steering lock being stuck exists 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Data Access Error Data access error status OFF or ON OFF: Steering lock ECU (steering lock actuator or upper bracket assembly) normal
ON: Steering lock ECU (steering lock actuator or upper bracket assembly) abnormal 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Open in IG2 History History of IG2 input of the steering lock ECU (steering lock actuator or upper bracket assembly) OFF or ON OFF: History of open in IG2 terminal circuit exists
ON: No history of open in IG2 terminal circuit exists 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
ID-BOX Sleep Condition ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) sleep mode status No or Yes No: ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) sleep mode not possible
Yes: ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) sleep mode possible 		-
ID-BOX Start Condition ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) status No or Yes No: Wake-up signal not sent by ID code box (immobiliser code ECU)
Yes: Wake-up signal sent by ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) 		-
EFI Code Receive Certification information sent to ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) from hybrid vehicle control ECU when hybrid vehicle control ECU receives hybrid control system start permission signal from ID code box (immobiliser code ECU)*2 OK or NG OK: Signal from hybrid vehicle control ECU to unset immobiliser received by ID code box (immobiliser code ECU)
NG: Signal from hybrid vehicle control ECU to unset immobiliser not received by ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) 		-
Start Request Status of hybrid control system start permission signal determined by steering lock ECU (steering lock actuator or upper bracket assembly) and sent to certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) OK or NG OK: Signal received
NG: Signal not received 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
12bit Code Request Receive 12-bit code request condition OK or NG OK: 12-bit code request condition signal received
NG: 12-bit code request condition signal not received 		-
S Code Check Verification result between certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) and ID code box (immobiliser code ECU)*3 OK or NG OK: Verification result normal
NG: Verification result abnormal 		When NG is displayed:
·

The ID code for the certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) or ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) is not registered, or the certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) or ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) is malfunctioning.


L Code Check L code verification result OK or NG OK: Verification result normal
NG: Verification result abnormal
·

The ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) is malfunctioning.

·

The hybrid control system cannot be started.


Steering Unlock Request Receive Status of steering unlock command from certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) OK or NG OK: Certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) sends steering unlock command (within 10 seconds of ignition switch turned ACC or ON, or of hybrid control system start operation performed)
NG: Certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) does not send steering unlock command (ignition switch not turned ACC or ON, and hybrid control system start operation not performed) 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
Steering Lock Request Receive Status of steering lock command from certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) OK or NG OK: Certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) sends steering lock command (within 10 seconds of any door opened with shift lever in P and ignition switch off)
NG: Certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) does not send steering lock command (no door opened with shift lever in P and ignition switch off) 		Although the item is displayed on the GTS, it is not applicable to this vehicle.
EFI Communication State of communication to unset immobiliser between certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) and hybrid vehicle control ECU NG or OK NG: Communication to unset immobiliser has not started between certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) and hybrid vehicle control ECU
OK: Communication to unset immobiliser has started between certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) and hybrid vehicle control ECU 		If this item displays "NG" even though the conditions to unset the immobiliser have been met and the value of Data List item "Start Request" is "OK", the hybrid vehicle control ECU may be malfunctioning. When the hybrid control system cannot be started, use this Data List item during troubleshooting.
S Code Check (Past) Verification result history between the certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) and ID code box (immobiliser code ECU) OK or NG OK: History of abnormal verification result does not exist
NG: History of abnormal verification result exists 		-
L Code Check (Past) Verification result history L OK or NG OK: History of abnormal verification result does not exist
NG: History of abnormal verification result exists 		-
EFI Communication Code Status Status of EFI communication code OK or NG OK: Signal from hybrid vehicle control ECU was correct
NG: Signal from hybrid vehicle control ECU was incorrect 		-
EFI Communication Status Status of EFI communication OK or NG OK: Communication normal between certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) and hybrid vehicle control ECU
NG: Communication malfunction between certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) and hybrid vehicle control ECU 		-
EFI Communication Speed Status of EFI communication speed OK or NG OK: Communication speed normal
NG: Communication speed abnormal 		-
ID-Box Wait Status Wait status of ID code box Normal or Waiting Normal: ID code box not waiting
Waiting: ID code box waiting 		-
S/L Code Registration Error History Status of S/L code registration OFF or ON OFF: S/L code registration was completed normally
ON: S/L code registration was not completed normally 		-
Number of Registered Key Codes Number of registered electrical key transmitter sub-assemblies 0 to 4 Number of registered electrical key transmitter sub-assemblies Up to 4 electrical key transmitter sub-assemblies can be registered.
Ignition Available Area Setting (Back Door Type) Ignition available area Fr+Rr or Fr+Rr+BD Customize setting displayed -
Key Low Battery Warning Function Low transmitter battery warning OFF or ON Customize setting displayed -
Key Left in Vehicle Alarm Function Key left in vehicle buzzer OFF or ON Customize setting displayed -
Forget to Turn IG OFF Alarm Function Forget to turn ignition switch off alarm OFF or ON Customize setting displayed -
Start Indicator Function Key indicator display OFF or ON Customize setting displayed -
Start Switch Light Function Power switch light OFF or ON Customize setting displayed -
HINT:
·

*1: This indicates that there is a problem with the communication format between the electrical key transmitter sub-assembly and certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly). Wave interference, malfunction of the electrical key transmitter sub-assembly or certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly), an electrical key transmitter sub-assembly from different vehicle being used, etc. are possible causes.

·

*2: This indicates that the hybrid control system start permission request signal (EGST) output from the hybrid vehicle control ECU is being received by the ID code box (immobiliser code ECU).

·

*3: This indicates the certification result of the certification codes of the certification ECU (smart key ECU assembly) and ID code box (immobiliser code ECU).

E481215E06
3.396,1.094 3.708,1.292 0.313,0.198 10 false *1 3.865,1.073 4.177,1.271 0.313,0.198 10 false *2 4.365,1.083 4.677,1.281 0.313,0.198 10 false *3 4.938,1.073 5.25,1.271 0.313,0.198 10 false *4 0.49,1.938 1.25,2.177 0.76,0.24 10 false Immobiliser 2.396,1.865 2.875,2.073 0.479,0.208 10 false Unset 2.406,2.177 2.885,2.385 0.479,0.208 10 false Set 0.49,2.708 2.188,2.938 1.698,0.229 10 false ID-BOX Sleep Condition 2.427,2.646 2.906,2.854 0.479,0.208 10 false No 2.438,2.938 2.917,3.146 0.479,0.208 10 false Yes 0.479,3.51 2.177,3.74 1.698,0.229 10 false EFI Code Receive 2.438,3.406 2.917,3.615 0.479,0.208 10 false NG 2.448,3.719 2.927,3.927 0.479,0.208 10 false OK



HINT:
To check if the Data List display changes, get into the vehicle while carrying an electrical key transmitter sub-assembly and perform the following operations with the ignition switch off and the shift lever in P.
·

*1: Press the power switch with the brake pedal released and check that the ignition switch turns ACC.

·

*2: Press the power switch with the brake pedal released and check that the ignition switch turns ON.

·

*3: Press the power switch with the brake pedal released and check that the power starts.

·

*4: Press the power switch and check that the ignition switch turns off.



Body Electrical > Combination Meter > Data List
Tester Display Measurement Item Range Normal Condition Diagnostic Note
Vehicle Speed Meter Vehicle speed Min.: 0, Max.: 255 Almost same as actual vehicle speed (Speedometer tester) -
Body Electrical > Main Body > Data List
Tester Display Measurement Item Range Normal Condition Diagnostic Note
FR Door Courtesy Switch Status Front door RH courtesy light switch signal Close or Open Close: Front door RH closed
Open: Front door RH open 		-
FL Door Courtesy Switch Status Front door LH courtesy light switch signal Close or Open Close: Front door LH closed
Open: Front door LH open 		-
Powertrain > Hybrid Control > Data List
Tester Display Measurement Item Range Normal Condition Diagnostic Note
Stop Light Switch Brake pedal signal OFF or ON OFF: Brake pedal released
ON: Brake pedal depressed 		-


ACTIVE TEST


HINT:

Using the GTS to perform Active Tests allows relays, VSVs, actuators and other items to be operated without removing any parts. This non-intrusive functional inspection can be very useful because intermittent operation may be discovered before parts or wiring is disturbed. Performing Active Tests early in troubleshooting is one way to save diagnostic time. Data List information can be displayed while performing Active Tests.


a.

Perform Active Test according to the display on the GTS.

Body Electrical > Entry&Start > Active Test
Tester Display Measurement Item Control Range Diagnostic Note
Immobiliser Indicator Security indicator light OFF/ON -